GDF-11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily that has gained significant attention in aging research. GDF-11 circulates in the blood and plays important roles in embryonic development, particularly in patterning the axial skeleton. Research initially suggested that declining GDF-11 levels with age contribute to age-related cardiac hypertrophy and cognitive decline, and that restoring GDF-11 could rejuvenate aged tissues. While some findings have been contested, GDF-11 remains an active area of investigation for its potential effects on muscle regeneration, neurogenesis, and cardiovascular health. The peptide signals through activin type II receptors and downstream SMAD proteins.
Key Data
Mechanism of Action
TGF-beta superfamily member that may rejuvenate aged tissues through stem cell activation and tissue repair.
Reported Benefits
All information is presented for Research Use Only (RUO). Not medical advice.