GDF-11 (Growth Differentiation Factor 11) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily that has gained significant attention in aging research. GDF-11 circulates in the blood and plays important roles in embryonic development, particularly in patterning the axial skeleton. Research initially suggested that declining GDF-11 levels with age contribute to age-related cardiac hypertrophy and cognitive decline, and that restoring GDF-11 could rejuvenate aged tissues. While some findings have been contested, GDF-11 remains an active area of investigation for its potential effects on muscle regeneration, neurogenesis, and cardiovascular health. The peptide signals through activin type II receptors and downstream SMAD proteins.
| Research Status | Early research |
|---|---|
| Half-Life | Unknown |
| Administration | Subcutaneous injection |
| Typical Dosage | Research varies |
| Molecular Weight | 12.5 kDa (mature form) |
| Molecular Formula | C545H857N155O169S5 (approximate for mature form) |
TGF-beta superfamily member that may rejuvenate aged tissues through stem cell activation and tissue repair.
All information is presented for Research Use Only (RUO). Not medical advice.