Peptide Database — 66 Research Profiles

Browse the full peptide library. Each profile includes mechanism of action, research status, reported dosing literature, half-life, administration route, and safety data — all sourced from peer-reviewed studies.

Anti-Aging

  • Epitalon (EPIT)
    Synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), also known as Epithalon or AEDG, based on the natural pineal peptide Epithalamin. In cultured human fetal fibroblasts…
  • FOXO4-DRI (FOXO4)
    Senolytic peptide that selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells by disrupting FOXO4-p53 interaction.
  • GDF-11 (GDF11)
    Growth Differentiation Factor 11, a protein that has been studied for rejuvenating effects on various tissues. Early reports that it declines with age are…
  • Humanin (HN)
    Mitochondria-derived peptide with cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. Lower circulating levels in older people are an observational association and do…
  • Matrixyl (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4) (MAT)
    Matrixyl is a lipopeptide consisting of a palmitic acid chain linked to the pentapeptide KTTKS. The KTTKS pentapeptide stimulated collagen and extracellular…
  • Snap-8 (Acetyl Octapeptide-3) (SNAP8)
    Snap-8 is a cosmetic octapeptide that mimics the N-terminal end of SNAP-25, a key protein in neuromuscular junction signaling. Manufacturer (non-peer-reviewed)…
  • SS-31 (Elamipretide) (SS31)
    Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that improves mitochondrial function and reduces oxidative stress. FDA-approved (accelerated) for Barth syndrome…
  • Vilon (VIL)
    Vilon (Lys-Glu) is a synthetic dipeptide bioregulator developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson. It is designed to support immune function and tissue…

Cardiovascular

  • BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) (BNP)
    Cardiac hormone that regulates fluid balance and blood pressure. Nesiritide is the synthetic form used in heart failure.

Cognitive

  • Dihexa (DIH)
    Synthetic peptide derived from angiotensin IV. A 2014 study of cultured hippocampal neurons and rodents, since retracted (2025), reported that dihexa promoted…
  • FGL (L) (FGL)
    Synthetic NCAM-mimetic peptide that binds FGFR1 and promotes neuroplasticity; in rats it enhanced spatial learning/memory and hippocampal LTP.
  • P21
    Synthetic peptide derived from CNTF that promotes neurogenesis.
  • PE-22-28 (PE22)
    PE-22-28 is a synthetic seven-amino-acid analog of spadin (PE 12-28), a sortilin propeptide fragment, and acts by blocking TREK-1 potassium channels. In mice…
  • Pinealon (PIN)
    Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by Professor Khavinson that targets brain tissue and pineal gland function. It promotes…
  • Selank (SEL)
    Synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, with anxiolytic-like effects reported in rodent models and limited human data. Developed alongside…
  • Semax (SEM)
    Synthetic peptide derived from ACTH, developed in Russia and approved there for stroke and cognitive disorders. In a clinical study of 110 post-stroke…

Growth Hormone

  • CJC-1295 (no DAC) (CJC)
    Modified Growth Hormone Releasing Factor (1-29), proposed to provide more stable GH release when combined with GHRPs (no primary study found). Also known as…
  • CJC-1295 (with DAC) (CJC-DAC)
    CJC-1295 with Drug Affinity Complex that extends half-life dramatically, providing sustained GH elevation over days rather than hours.
  • GHRP-2 (GHRP2)
    Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2, a synthetic ghrelin mimetic that stimulates GH release from the pituitary gland in humans; the response attenuated over 5…
  • GHRP-6 (GHRP6)
    Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6, the first generation GHRP known for strong appetite stimulation. In a study of 6 healthy men, 1 microg/kg IV produced a…
  • Hexarelin (HEX)
    Potent GH secretagogue in human studies. The GH response fell by about 45% over 16 weeks and recovered after 4 weeks off (Rahim 1998).
  • Ipamorelin (IPA)
    A selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release. In swine, it did not raise ACTH or cortisol at doses >200x the GH ED50 (Raun 1998).
  • MK-677 (Ibutamoren) (MK677)
    Orally active, non-peptide small-molecule growth hormone secretagogue that mimics ghrelin, providing 24-hour GH elevation without injections.
  • Sermorelin (SERM)
    The first 29 amino acids of natural GHRH; physiology studies describe physiological (pulsatile) GH release patterns. Formerly FDA-approved for pediatric GHD…
  • Tesamorelin (TESA)
    FDA-approved GHRH analog for reducing excess abdominal visceral fat in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy. In phase 3 trials in ART-treated HIV patients…

Healing

  • ARA-290 (Cibinetide) (ARA290)
    ARA-290 (Cibinetide) is an 11-amino acid peptide derived from erythropoietin (EPO) that selectively activates the innate repair receptor (IRR) without…
  • BPC-157 (BPC)
    Body Protection Compound-157, a pentadecapeptide derived from human gastric juice that has been studied in animal models of tissue injury.
  • Copper Peptide AHK-Cu (AHKCu)
    AHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide (Ala-His-Lys-Cu) related to GHK-Cu. It stimulated hair-follicle elongation ex vivo (Pyo 2007); no human clinical trial.
  • GHK-Cu (GHK)
    Copper tripeptide complex naturally found in plasma. Declines with age and plays roles in collagen synthesis and antioxidant activity; reviews report…
  • Pentapeptide-18 (PENTA18)
    Synthetic peptide that mimics enkephalin; it is proposed to reduce neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, with clinical evidence for…
  • TB-500 (TB5)
    Synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4). Studies of full-length thymosin β4 (not the TB-500 fragment) reported effects on tissue repair, cell migration and…
  • Thymosin Beta-4 (TB4)
    The full-length 43 amino acid protein that TB-500 is derived from. Naturally occurring in most tissues; mechanistically it sequesters G-actin and has been…

Immune

  • KPV
    KPV is a naturally occurring tripeptide derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). In cell-culture studies and mouse colitis models it has…
  • LL-37 (LL37)
    Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory effects.
  • Thymalin (THYM)
    Bovine thymus extract containing multiple thymic peptides including thymulin. Used in Russia for immune modulation.
  • Thymopoietin II Fragment (TP-1) (TP1)
    Active fragment of thymopoietin that modulates T-cell differentiation and immune function.
  • Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1)
    Natural peptide produced by the thymus that modulates immune function. Approved in multiple countries for hepatitis B and used as an immune adjuvant in some…
  • Thymulin (THLN)
    Nonapeptide hormone produced by thymic epithelial cells. Reviews describe its involvement in intra- and extrathymic T-cell differentiation.

Metabolic

  • 5-Amino-1MQ (5A1MQ)
    Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor that reduced body weight and white fat mass in diet-induced obese mice. Proposed to act by raising intracellular NAD+ and SAM…
  • Adipotide (FTPP) (FTPP)
    Adipotide (also known as FTPP or prohibitin-targeting peptide) is a peptidomimetic that targets blood vessels supplying white adipose tissue, causing fat cell…
  • AOD-9604 (AOD)
    Fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191) studied for obesity in early-phase human trials; weight-loss efficacy was not established in published…
  • Dulaglutide (DULA)
    Dulaglutide (marketed as Trulicity) is an FDA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes. It consists of a GLP-1 analog fused to a…
  • Exenatide (EXEN)
    Exenatide (marketed as Byetta and Bydureon) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally derived from the saliva of the Gila monster lizard. It was the first…
  • Liraglutide (LIRA)
    Liraglutide is an FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and chronic weight management (Saxenda). It shares 97% homology with…
  • MOTS-c (MOTSC)
    Mitochondria-derived peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis; in mice it prevented diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
  • Retatrutide (RETA)
    Triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. In a phase 2 trial of 338 adults with obesity, the 12 mg dose produced a least-squares mean weight…
  • Semaglutide (SEMA)
    GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management. Brand names include Ozempic and Wegovy. Semaglutide is a…
  • Tirzepatide (TIRZ)
    Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. In the SURMOUNT-1 Phase 3 trial, mean weight reduction was 15-21% at 72 weeks vs 3.1% with placebo. Brand names include…

Muscle

  • ACE-031 (ACE031)
    Soluble activin receptor type IIB fusion protein that acts as a myostatin trap. A single-dose phase 1 study in healthy postmenopausal women reported a 3.3%…
  • Follistatin 344 (FST344)
    Naturally occurring protein that inhibits myostatin and other TGF-beta family members. Transgenic pigs engineered to overexpress follistatin-344 in muscle…
  • IGF-1 DES (DES)
    Truncated IGF-1 missing first 3 amino acids. In animal and cell studies, 2-3x more potent than IGF-I for glucose lowering, attributed to weak IGFBP binding.
  • IGF-1 LR3 (LR3)
    Long-acting analog of IGF-1 with extended half-life due to amino acid substitutions. Studied in animal and cell models; no human muscle data.
  • MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) (MGF)
    Splice variant of IGF-1 produced in response to mechanical stress. Activation of satellite cells independent of systemic IGF-1 is a mechanism proposed from…
  • PEG-MGF (PEGMGF)
    PEGylated version of MGF (mechano-growth factor). No published studies of PEG-MGF itself were found; the non-PEGylated MGF E-peptide has limited mouse data…

Research

  • Cerebrolysin (CERE)
    Complex mixture of neuropeptides derived from pig brain. Used in Europe and Asia for stroke and cognitive disorders.
  • Cortexin (CORT)
    Polypeptide extract from bovine (calf) brain cortex used in Russia for neurological conditions.
  • Oxytocin (OXY)
    A hormone popularly called the 'bonding hormone' (a popular label, not a mechanism). Approved medically as an injectable for labour induction/augmentation and…
  • Thymulin (Zn-FTS) (ZNFTS)
    Zinc-dependent thymic hormone essential for T-cell maturation. Declines significantly with age.
  • VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) (VIP)
    Neuropeptide with effects on the nervous system, immune function, and circadian rhythm described in animal/in vitro studies. In COVID-19 respiratory failure…

Sexual Health

  • Gonadorelin (GnRH)
    Synthetic version of natural GnRH that stimulates pituitary release of LH and FSH. Used for fertility and hormone testing.
  • Kisspeptin-10 (KISS10)
    Fragment of kisspeptin that stimulates GnRH release, playing a key role in puberty initiation and reproductive function.
  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide) (PT141)
    Metabolite of Melanotan II developed specifically for sexual dysfunction. FDA approved as Vyleesi for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder…
  • Triptorelin (TRIP)
    GnRH agonist used medically for advanced prostate cancer and central precocious puberty. With continued use it causes initial GnRH receptor stimulation…

Sleep

  • DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) (DSIP)
    Nonapeptide naturally found in the brain, studied for effects on sleep. Small double-blind studies in insomniacs gave mixed results, and stress-reducing…

Tanning

  • Melanotan I (MT1)
    Afamelanotide is a linear alpha-MSH analog, licensed as a 16 mg sustained-release implant given every 2 months; research-peptide vials sold under the Melanotan…
  • Melanotan II (MT2)
    Synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone that promotes melanogenesis and tanning without UV exposure.

Educational content — not medical advice. Effects described are drawn from cited research in study subjects.

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