TB4

Thymosin Beta-4

Healing Immune Phase 2

The full-length 43 amino acid protein that TB-500 is derived from. Naturally occurring in most tissues; mechanistically it sequesters G-actin and has been reported to promote keratinocyte and endothelial migration and angiogenesis.

Regulatory status (as of Sept 2026)

Not FDA-approved for any indication. The related fragment TB-500 was recommended by PCAC for the 503A Bulks List on July 23, 2026 (advisory); it awaits FDA rulemaking and was not lawfully compoundable under 503A as of Sept 17, 2026. Full-length thymosin beta-4 is prohibited in sport under WADA.

See the FDA peptide regulatory tracker · Read our July 27, 2026 dispatch on the FDA PCAC peptide vote
Educational summary. Every effect described below is drawn from the cited published research and describes what was observed in research subjects — not a promise of results, a dose recommendation, or an endorsement for human use. Many peptides are not FDA-approved. Consult a licensed healthcare provider before making any health decision. Full disclaimer.

2 studies referenced · Last reviewed Oct 1, 2026 · Reviewed by The Peptide Dispatch Editorial Team · How we research & label content

TL;DR — Thymosin Beta-4 at a Glance

Thymosin Beta-4 is an investigational compound tested in mid-stage (phase 2) human trials. The full-length 43 amino acid protein that TB-500 is derived from.

Half-lifeNot established in published research
How it's given in studiesSubcutaneous injection
Research stagePhase 2
Dosing
Published research: Topical 0.01-0.03% gel in a double-blind placebo-controlled dose-escalation phase 2 study of 73 patients with…
detailsTopical 0.01-0.03% gel in a double-blind placebo-controlled dose-escalation phase 2 study of 73 patients with venous stasis ulcers (0.03% was the most effective dose); phase 2 dermal work also covers pressure ulcers and epidermolysis bullosa wounds. No published subcutaneous systemic dosing in humans.
Community-reportedCommunity-reported: 750 mcg - 2 mg, subcutaneous injection

Published-research dosing is what was given in the cited studies (species and units as reported). Community-reported dosing is what users describe, not from clinical studies. Neither is a recommendation. Not medical advice.

Where each point comes from: Clinicalhuman trials and FDA labels   Lab / animalrodent, cell and ex vivo studies   Community-reporteduser experience and commonly used protocols, not from clinical studies

How It Works

In plain terms: It is a natural protein that helps cells move and is thought to support healing, based mostly on preclinical work. Sequesters G-actin. Proposed to promote keratinocyte and endothelial cell migration, with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity reported in preclinical work (review, Kleinman 2016); a phase 2 RCT in venous ulcers suggested that one dose may have the potential to accelerate healing (Guarnera 2010).

Effects Reported in Research

How to read this: Each item below is an effect observed in research subjects in the cited studies — think of Dexter, our stand-in research subject. These are findings from the literature, not results you should expect, and not medical advice.

  • Lab / animalIn preclinical studies (review): proposed mechanism is G-actin sequestration, promotion of keratinocyte and endothelial migration, and angiogenesis (Kleinman 2016)
  • ClinicalIn a phase 2 double-blind placebo-controlled study of 73 patients with venous stasis ulcers, topical 0.03% thymosin beta-4 showed a signal toward accelerated healing, with complete healing in about 25% at 3 months
  • Lab / animalCardiac repair effects have been reported in animal models only
  • Lab / animalHair follicle stimulation (preclinical only)

What Users Report (Community, Not Clinical)

Commonly reported protocol

Community-reportedIn user communities, Thymosin Beta-4 is typically run at 750 mcg - 2 mg (subcutaneous injection). This is not a recommendation.

Side effects users report

  • Community-reportedInjection site discomfort

Side effects reported in studies are listed separately below.

Community reports are anecdotal, vary widely in product quality and purity, and are not medical advice. Talk to a licensed provider.

Side Effects and Safety Notes

  • ClinicalIn the phase 2 venous-ulcer study the safety profile of topical thymosin beta-4 was comparable to placebo across all doses tested
  • ClinicalSystemic subcutaneous administration in humans has not been studied, so injection-related safety is uncharacterized
  • Lab / animalAs an angiogenic and cell-migration-promoting factor, effects on occult tumours are a theoretical concern that has not been evaluated

References

  1. The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers
    Guarnera G, DeRosa A, Camerini R, 8 European sites. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2010. PMID: 20536470.
    Study type: Phase 2 double-blind placebo-controlled dose-escalation RCT, n=73, topical.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05490.x · PubMed
  2. Thymosin β4 Promotes Dermal Healing
    Kleinman HK, Sosne G. Vitamins and hormones. 2016. PMID: 27450738.
    Study type: Review of preclinical and phase 1/2 dermal-healing data.
    DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.005 · PubMed

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How Thymosin Beta-4 Compares

PeptideHalf-LifeRouteResearch Status
Thymosin Beta-4UnknownSubcutaneous injectionPhase 2
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)No published PK data foundSubcutaneous injection, IntravenousPhase 2
BPC-157Elimination t1/2 < 30 min (rats and beagle dogs, IV and IM); IM bioavailability ~14-19% rats, 45-51% dogsSubcutaneous injectionPreclinical (animal)
Copper Peptide AHK-CuTopical (not systemically relevant)TopicalIn vitro only
GHK-CuNo published PK data foundSubcutaneous or topicalCosmetic/topical

Values reflect figures reported in published research. Compare any peptides side-by-side →

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Thymosin Beta-4?
The full-length 43 amino acid protein that TB-500 is derived from. Naturally occurring in most tissues; mechanistically it sequesters G-actin and has been reported to promote keratinocyte and endothelial migration and angiogenesis.
How does Thymosin Beta-4 work?
In plain terms: It is a natural protein that helps cells move and is thought to support healing, based mostly on preclinical work. Sequesters G-actin. Proposed to promote keratinocyte and endothelial cell migration, with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity reported in preclinical work (review, Kleinman 2016); a phase 2 RCT in venous ulcers suggested that one dose may have the potential to accelerate healing (Guarnera 2010).
What is the research status of Thymosin Beta-4?
Thymosin Beta-4 is at the following stage in the published literature: Phase 2. All information is for research and educational purposes only.
What is the half-life of Thymosin Beta-4?
Reported half-life: Unknown.
How is Thymosin Beta-4 administered in research?
Reported administration route in the literature: Subcutaneous injection. This is not a recommendation for human use.

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Immune

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Sources & Methodology

Dosing, half-life figures, and mechanism descriptions on this page are compiled from peer-reviewed published research, with the species and study type stated where reported. Figures labeled “Dosing used in published research” describe what was given in those studies and do not constitute dosing recommendations for any human use. Each cited paper is listed with DOI and PubMed links in the References section above. Found an error? Contact us.

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